Study Online and Download KIPS 9th Class Chemistry Notes Unit 7: Chemical Reactivity.
Study Online and Download KIPS 9th Class Chemistry Notes Unit 7: Electrochemistry. Electrochemistry is the branch of Chemistry that deals with the relationship between electricity and chemical reactions. It involves oxidation and reduction reactions, which are also known as redox reactions. Redox reactions either take place spontaneously and produce electricity or electricity is used to drive non-spontaneous reactions. Spontaneous reactions are those which take place on their own without any external agent. Non-spontaneous reactions are those which take place in the presence of an external agent. These reactions take place in galvanic or electrolytic cells. Electrolysis of fused sodium chloride produces sodium metal and that of brine solution produces sodium hydroxide. The corrosion process of iron along with its preventions, are discussed in detail.
Students will be able to:
- Define oxidation and reduction in terms of loss or gain of oxygen or hydrogen.
- Define oxidation and reduction in terms of loss or gain of electrons.
- Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in a redox reaction.
- Define oxidizing and reducing agents in a redox reaction.
- Define oxidation state.
- State the common rules used for assigning oxidation numbers to free elements, ions (simple and complex), molecules, atoms.
- Determine the oxidation number of an atom of any element in a compound.
- Describe the nature of electrochemical processes.
- Sketch an electrolytic cell, label the cathode and the anode.
- Identify the direction of movement of cations and anions towards respective electrodes.
- List the possible uses of an electrolytic cell.
- Sketch a Daniel cell, labelling the cathode, the anode, and the direction of flow of the electrons.
- Describe how a battery produces electrical energy.
- Identify the half-cell in which oxidation occurs and the half-cell in which reduction occurs given a voltaic cell.
- Distinguish between electrolytic and voltaic cells.
- Describe the methods of preparation of alkali metals.
- Describe the manufacture of sodium metal from fused NaCl.
- Identify the formation of by products in the manufacture of sodium metal from fused NaCl.
- Describe the method of recovering metal from its ore.
- Explain electrolytic refining of copper.
- Define corrosion.
- Describe rusting of iron as an example of corrosion.
- Summarize the methods used to prevent corrosion.
- Explain electroplating of metals on steel (using examples of zinc, tin and chromium plating).
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