Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for FPSC, PPSC, SPSC, KPSC, BPSC, NTS, and PTS Job Test Preparation.
The word computer science meant a person who did computations or Compute, but now it almost always refers to automated electronic devices. Computers can do much more than calculator, however. They are now used in all sorts of ways to better control or automate products and processes.
Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as (input) from the user and processes these data under the control of set of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and saves output for the future use. It can process both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.
A computer has four functions:
Input is the raw information entered into a computer from the input devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers, images etc.
Ex. Typical examples include keyboards, mouse, trackballs, pointing sticks, joysticks, digital tablets, touch pads, scanners etc.
There are tow basic types of software. System Software and Application Software.
Ex. Microsoft Office, In-page, Coral Draw and Photoshop etc.
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Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as (input) from the user and processes these data under the control of set of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and saves output for the future use. It can process both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.
A computer has four functions:
- Accepts data → Input
- Processes data → Processing
- Produces output → Output
- Stores results → Storage
Input Devices
Computer is n electronic device. It is made of many parts. It works in three basic steps. INPUT, PROCESSING and OUTPUT. Input is a computer term. Which means to put data in computer. Different computer parts are used to put data into a computer. They are called input devices.Input is the raw information entered into a computer from the input devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers, images etc.
Ex. Typical examples include keyboards, mouse, trackballs, pointing sticks, joysticks, digital tablets, touch pads, scanners etc.
Output Devices
Output is the result by a computer after data processing. Computer output devices show us text, Pictures and give out Sounds. Output is also called as Result. We can save these results in the storage devices for the future use. Ex. Monitor, Printer, Speakers, Projector and Modem are the output devices.Data Storage Devices
Data storage is a unique feature of computer. Once we store data in our computer, we can re-open it, copy it or get its printout whenever we like. We can also transfer data to any other computer or memory device. Computer stores data in electronic signals. That is why, a copied data is 100% the same as the original one. We can make so many copies in a short time.Computer Hardware and Software
Our computer is the combination of Hardware and Software. Hardware is the parts of computer that we can touch. Software is the computer programs that we cannot see. We cannot touch software programs. Ex. A cassette is the hardware. The recording of cassette is Software.Relationship between Hardware and Software
- Hardware and software are mutually dependent on each other. Both of them must work together to make a computer produce a useful output.
- Software cannot be utilized without supporting hardware.
- Hardware without set of programs to operate upon cannot be utilized and is useless.
- To get a particular job done on the computer, relevant software should be loaded into the hardware
- Hardware is a one-time expense.
- Software development is very expensive and is a continuing expense.
- Different software applications can be loaded on a hardware to run different jobs.
- A software acts as an interface between the user and the hardware.
- If hardware is the 'heart' of a computer system, then software is its 'soul'. Both are complimentary to each other.
Computer Hardware
Def : The physical elements of a computer is called hardware which we can touch, hardware is generally divided into the central processing unit (CPU), and main memory (or random-access memory, RAM). The last class encompasses all sorts of input and output (I/O) devices: keyboard, display monitor, printer, disk drives, network connections, scanners, and more.Examples of Hardware are following:
- Input Devices.
- Output Devices.
- Data Storage Devices.
- Internal components.
- Computer Software
There are tow basic types of software. System Software and Application Software.
System Software
System software is a large program which gives instructions to all computer parts. System software also controls application software. When we work on application software, the application software communicates with the system software. Ex. Windows is the best and very popular system software. The system gives instructions to the computer parts to act on our instructions.Application Software
Application software is like a tool. We cannot work on a computer without installing application software. We need different types of software to perform different works.Ex. Microsoft Office, In-page, Coral Draw and Photoshop etc.
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Q.1 - Processors of all computers, whether micro, mini or mainframe must have ......... A.
ALU B. Primary storage C.
Control Unit D. All of the above Show Answer |
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Q.2 - The hardware in which data may be stored for a computer system is called .......... A.
Register B. Bus C.
Control Unit D. Memory Show Answer |
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Q.3 - 1 bytes is equal to ........ A.
4 bits B. 10 bits C.
8 bits D. None of the above Show Answer |
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Q.4 - The term ‗memory‘ applies to which one of the following ........... A.
Logic B. Storage C.
Control D. Input device Show Answer |
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Q.5 - The first electronic digital computer contained ............ A.
Electronic valves B. Vacuum tubes C.
Transistors D. Semiconductor memory Show Answer |
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Q.6 - The metal disks, which are permanently housed in, sealed and contamination free containers are called ........... A.
Hard disk B. Floppy disk C.
Winchester disk D. Flexible disk Show Answer |
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Q.7 - Which can read data and convert them to a form that a computer can use? A.
Logic B. Storage C.
Control D. Input device Show Answer |
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Q.8 - Which of the following registers is loaded with the contents of the memory location pointed by the PC? A.
Memory Address Register B. Memory Data Register C.
Instruction Register D. Program Counter Show Answer |
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Q.9 - 4 bits are equal to ......... A.
Nibble B. Data C.
Bit D. Bytes Show Answer |
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Q.10 - Which is not true of primary storage? A.
Information must be transferred to primary storage B. It allows very fast access to data C.
It is the part of the CPU D. All of the above Show Answer |
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Q.11 - The unit of a computer system that executes program communicates with and often controls the operation of other subsystems of the computer is known as A.
CPU B. control unit C.
I/O unit D. peripheral unit Show Answer |
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Q.12 - Which of the following registers is used to keep track of address of the memory location where the next instruction is located? A.
Memory address register B. Memory data register C.
Instruction register D. Program counter Show Answer |
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Q.13 - Primary storage is .......... as compared to secondary storage. A.
slow and inexpensive B. fast and inexpensive C.
fast and expensive D. slow and expensive Show Answer |
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Q.14 - A memory bus is mainly used for communication between A.
Processor and memory B. Processor and I/O memory C.
Input device and output device D. None of the above Show Answer |
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Q.15 - What is the name of the reading device which makes use of photo sensors and laser technologies to interpret printed, typed or even hand written data directly from the source document? A.
MICR B. OCR C.
Mark sensing device D. ATM Show Answer |
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Q.16 - Which is widely use in academic testing? A.
MICR B. POS C.
OCR D. OMR Show Answer |
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Q.17 - The OCR stands for A.
Out-sized character reader B. Optical character recognition C.
Operational character reader D. Only character reader Show Answer |
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Q.18 - Hard disks and diskette are ........... A.
Direct access devices B. Sequential access devices C.
Rarely used with micro computers D. Both A and B Show Answer |
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Q.19 - Magnetic tape can serve as A.
Input media B. Output media C.
Secondary media D. All of the above Show Answer |
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Q.20 - RAM is used as short memory because it A.
is volatile B. is very expensive C.
has small capacity D. is programmable Show Answer |
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